The Newton temperature scale was defined by Isaac Newton in 1701 setting as 0 on this scale "the heat of air in winter at which water begins to freeze", or in other words, 0 as in Celsius scale, and the value 33 for "heat at which water begins to boil", so around 100 ℃, being exactly 100 the value commonly used for conversions between both scales. The Newton is represented as °N after the value.
The Rankine temperature scale was proposed by William John Macquorn Rankine in 1859 similarly to Kelvin temperature scale. The zero absolute at Rankine scale is also 0 K, and degree of Rankine is the same than Fahrenheit degree. The Rankine is represented as °R after the value, and sometimes like °RA.
The Rankine scale degree values are calculated from Newton values using the formula $$Newton × {60 \over 11} + 491.67$$
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